Sunday, August 24, 2014

Sleep and Blindness - Instructive Metaphors

The New Testament uses the metaphors of sleep and blindness to describe the human condition - the sinfulness and the powerlessness over sin which constitutes the natural lives of human beings. Paul writes that (II Corinthians 4:4) “The god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelievers.”

Spiritual blindness is the inability to “see” - i.e., to understand, know, discern - the spiritual realities in one’s concrete situation. Spiritual sleep is an unawareness and lack of perception of those realities. Urging followers of Jesus to alertness and new levels of awareness, Paul writes (Ephesians 5:14), “Wake up, sleeper!”

As with all metaphors, these two metaphors have boundaries: limits to their applications. Those who are physically literally blind are aware of their blindness, know they are not receiving certain sensations, and can inquire about, and investigate, that which they are not seeing. Those who spiritually metaphorically blind often do not realize that they are failing to sense or perceive something, and therefore do not ask about what they’re missing.

Those who are physically literally asleep are unconscious, not conscious of anything happening around them. Those who are metaphorically spiritually asleep are aware of some things happening around them, but not of spiritual things.

Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther was born in 1811 in Langenchursdorf in Germany. He later emigrated to the United States. Concerning the use of the sleep metaphor in Paul’s letter to the Romans, Walther wrote:

Wie ein leiblich Schlafender nichts von der sichtbaren Sonne weiß, die bereits über ihm aufergangen ist und ihre Strahlen in sein Schlafgemach wirft; wie er nichts von der Gefahr ahnt, in der er schweben mag, und weder das Böse noch das Gute wahrnimmt, das ihn umgiebt; wie er aber, nur von nichtigen Traumbildern umgaukelt, bald ergötzt, bald erschreckt wird; wie er nämlich bald vom großem Glück, Reichtum und Ehren, bald von schwerem Unglück träumt, während weder das eine, noch das andere Wirklichkeit hat: ähnlich ist im Geistlichen der Zustand aller Menschen, ehe sie das Gnadenwunder erfahren haben, durch Gottes Wort und Geist umgewandelt worden zu sein.

The metaphor of blindness is not limited to the condition of people prior to justification. Those already justified, and in whom the process of sanctification has begun, are still in danger of blindness, as John writes (I John 2:11), “But anyone who hates a brother or sister is in the darkness and walks around in the darkness. They do not know where they are going, because the darkness has blinded them.”

John is writing here to those who have already been made into followers of Jesus, in whom the Holy Spirit has already worked to some extent. Yet they, too, are capable of blindness. Therefore no reader may feel exempt from the New Testament’s warnings and admonitions about blindness.

Likewise, those who are followers of Jesus are encouraged (Galatians 6:9) to “not grow weary of doing good, for in due season we will reap, if we do not give up.” To ‘grow weary’ and to ‘give up’ would be to give in to sleep and fall asleep. The danger of falling asleep, as happened in the Garden of Gethsemane, is real for any human. Walther notes:

Alle natürliche Menschen liegen nämlich in einem tiefen geistlichen Schlafe. Sie erfahren nichts von dem alles erleuchtenden Lichte der bereits über ihnen aufgegangen Sonne des Evangeliums. Die größte Anzahl derselben achtet vielmehr dieses himmlische Licht für Finsternis, hält die göttliche Weisheit, die sie selig machen will, für Thorheit, ja, wütet und tobt wohl gar dagegen, als gegen das furchtbarste Hindernis des wahren menschlichen Glückes. Andere hingegen hören das Evangelium wohl noch, aber während es ihr leibliches Ohr hört, bleibt das Ohr ihres Geistes dafür verschlossen. Sie sind jenen besonders gefährlich Kranken gleich, die bei offenen Augen schlafen. Sie lassen sich von dem Licht des Evangeliums mit seinen himmlischen Strahlen beleuchten, aber ihr Verstand und ihr Herz bleiben unerleuchtet. Sie kommen nicht weiter, als bis zu einem kraftlosen historischen wissen, zu einer unfruchtbaren buchstäblichen Erkenntnis, zu einem toten, nur im Kopfe befindlichen Glauben.

These metaphors admit of degree: short of being blind, one can impaired vision. In fact, people by nature lack perfect spiritual vision, and Paul tells us (I Corinthians 13:12) that we see as if via a smudged mirror.

Likewise, short of being fully asleep, one may be drowsy or fatigued. When drowsy, one risks both falling asleep (Matthew 25:5) and being weary. If not asleep, one’s weariness may prevent one from effectively working for God’s Kingdom (Hebrews 12:3, Revelation 2:3).

While having boundaries like all metaphors, the metaphors of sleep and blindness in the New Testament apply both to the unjustified and to the seasoned follower of Jesus; they also admit of degree.